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Results for "" searched in Glossary - word % coefficient of variation %CV %RH %RSD β galactosidase (A+T)/(G+C) ratio (beta) galactosidase (beta)-galactoside acetyltransferase (beta)-galactoside permease (beta)-glucan (beta)-pleated sheet -ase -ate -cide -coele -ectomy -form -ia -iasis -ile -in -ism -itis -ium -ize -megaly -merous -noid -ogen -oid -ol -oma -osis -ostomy -pathy -penia -pexy -philia -plasty -rhage -rhea -rhexis -tomy 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) 13-cis retinoic acid 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging 2μ plasmid 2-methoxyestradiol 2IT-BAD monoclonal antibody 170 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 3-dimensional 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy 3D reconstruction 4-demethoxydaunorubicin 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5-hydroxytryptamine 5Q- syndrome 6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene 9-cis retinoic acid 90Y-DOTA-biotin A A (aminoacyl) site A form DNA a(n)- A-factor A-protein A23187 Ab initio gene prediction ab- abaxial Abbreviated New Drug Application ABC proteins ABCD rating abdomen abdominal abetalipoproteinemia abiogenesis abiotic abiotic factors abiotic stress ablation abnormal ABO blood group aboral end abortion abortive abortive transduction abscess abscise abscisic acid abscission zone absolute zero absorbance optics absorptive endocytosis abyssal zone abzyme acanthocarpa acanthodes acariasis acaricide acarodomatia acaulescent accelerated run acceptor acceptor arm acceptor end acceptor stem accessory cell accessory pigment accessory protein acclimation accommodation accrete accumbent accuracy acellular acellular vaccine acentric chromosome acentric fragment aceriform acerose acervulus acesulfames acetaminophen acetic acid acetyl group acetylcholine acetylcholine receptor channel Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Achaete-scute complex (AS-C) achene achenecetum achenocarp Achilles tendon achiral achlamydeous achlorophyllous achondroplasia acid Acid phosphatase acid rain acid-base reaction acid-ionization constant acidic oxide acidosis acini acne acoelomate acre acrocentric Acrocentric chromosome acrosomal vesicle acrosome ACTH actin action potential activate Activated Support activation energy activation energy (deltaG) Activator and Dissociation active immunity active site active transport actuator acute acyl-CoA acyl-CoA synthetase ad- adaptation adaptive landscape adaptive peak adaptive radiation additive genetic effects additive genetic variance additive model adductor longus adenine adenocarcinoma adenosine adenosine deaminase deficiency adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenovirus adfluvial ADH adhesion adipocyte adipose tissue adjacent segragation adjacent-1 segregation adjacent-2 segregation adjuvant ADME ADMETox drug screening adrenal adrenal cortex adrenal glands adrenal medulla adrenalectomy adrenaline adrenergic adrenergic receptors adrenocorticotropic hormone adult-onset adventitious root aerial root aerobic aerobic respiration Aeronomy affected affected relative pair afferent afferent arteriole affinity agar agarose age structure agent agglutination aggrade aggregate aggregates aggregation technique aggresome agitator agonist Agricultural Development and Advisory Service Agrobacterium AIDS-related complex AKT Alagille Syndrome Alanine albedo albino albumen albumin alcoholic fermentation Aldehyde dehydrogenase aldosterone algae alkali metal alkaline earth metal alkaline phosphatase alkalosis alkylating agent allantois allele allele frequency allele specific hybridization Allele specific polymerase chain reaction Allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) allelic allelic exclusion allergen allergy allergy mediator allo- allogeneic allogeneic antigen allogeneic graft allogenic allograft allometric growth allopatric speciation allopolyploid allosteric change allosteric protein allotype alloy allozygosity allozyme alpha globulin alpha helix Alpha-fetoprotein alpha-linolenic acid Alphamethylstyrene alpine altered alternate segregation alternation of generations alternative pathway alternative splicing altruism Alu family alveolar duct alveolar epithelium alveolar ventilation alveolate alveoli Alzheimer’s Disease amber codon amber suppressor ambi- ambient Ames test amino acid amino group aminoacyl-tRNA aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase Aminoglycosides aminotransferase ammonia amniocentesis Amniography amnion amniote Amniotic fluid amoebocyte amorph Amphetamine amphi- amphibian amphidiploid Amphimixis amphipathic amphoteric amphotropic virus amplexus Amplicon amplification amplification of DNA Amplified fragment length polymorphism ampoule ampulla ampullae amu amygdala amylase amyloid amyloidogenesis amyloidosis amylose Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis amyotrophy anabolic anabolism anadromous anaerobe anaerobic respiration anagenesis analog analogous enzymes analogous structure analogy analysis analysis of variance analyst Analyte analytical chemistry anaphase anaphase I anaphase II anaphylatoxin anaphylaxis anastomose anatomy anaxonal neuron ancestor ANDA androecium androgen androgen receptor (AR) anemia anencephaly aneuploid aneuploidy angiogenesis angiosperm angiotensin Angstrom (Å ) animal animal behavior animal breeding animal model Animalia anion anisogamous anisogamy Anlage annealing annelid Annotation annual annual rings annulate anode ANOVA Antagonist antagonistic muscles antagonistic pleiotropy anterior anterior horn anther antheridia anthesis anthocyanin Anthropometric anti- anti-hypertensive drugs anti-inflammatory cytokines anti-oncogene anti-tumor drug antiarrhythmic antiasthmatic antibiotic antibiotic resistance antibody antibody assays antibody formation antibody specificity Anticipation anticipatory postural activity anticoagulant anticoding strand anticodon anticonvulsant antidiuretic hormone antigen antigen binding site antigen processing antigen receptor antigen-presenting cell (APC) antigenic determinant antigenic switching antimicrobial agent antimorph antioxidant antiparallel antipyrine antisense antisense RNA antiterminator protein anus aorta AP endonuclease AP site AP-1 APC APCI apex apical meristems Apogamy apolipoprotein Apomixis apoplast apoplastic apoprotein apoptosis appendicular skeleton appendix Application aprotinin aqueous humor aqueous solution aquifer arachidonic acid Archaea archegonia archenteron archeocyte arcuate nucleus arcuatus area postrema Arginine Argon armpit Arrayed library Arrestins Arrhenius acid arrow diagram arterial Arteriogram arteriole artery arthritis arthro arthropod artifact artificial insemination (A.I.) artificial selection ascending limb ascomycete ascospore ascus (asci) Asparagine Aspartame Aspartic acid aspiration aspirin assay Assembly assignment test assortative mating aster asthma astrocyte astrocytosis asymmetric division asymptomatic ataxia ataxia-telangiectasia atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atom atomic mass atomic mass unit atomic number atomic weight atopy ATP synthase atrazine Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) atrial natriuretic factor receptors atriopore atrioventricular node atrioventricular valve atrium atrophy attached X attenuation attenuator attenuator stem attract auditory nerve auricle autoantibody Autocatalytic Reaction autochthonous autoecology autogamy autograft autoimmune disease autoimmunity autologous automixis autonomic nervous system autonomous replication sequence (ARS) autonomous specification autopolyploid autoradiography autoregulation autosomal dominant autosomal recessive autosomal set autosome autotroph autozygosity autozygous auxin auxotroph auxotrophic mutant average average molecular weight avidity Avogadro's law Avogadro's number (N) Avuncular relationship axial skeleton axil axilla axon axoneme azoic B cell B form DNA B lymphocyte b-galactosidase Babinski reflex bacillus Bacillus thuringiensis back mutation back-cross backcross bacteria Bacterial artificial chromosome bacterial lawn bactericidal Bacteriocide bacteriophage Bacteriostat bacteriostatic bacterium balance balanced lethal system balanced polymorphism balancing selection Balbiani ring band shift assay bar graph barbellate Barbiturates bark barometer Barr body basal body basal ganglia basalt base base analogue base pair base population base sequence base-ionization constant, Kb baseline basic basic oxide basic research basic solution basidia basidiomycete basilar membrane Basophil Batch testing Batesian mimicry bathymetry bay bayou BC1 bead theory beer Beer-Lambert Law Bence-Jones protein benign tumor Benzodiazepine berry beta blocker Beta globulin beta oxidation beta sheet beta-Lactamase BHQs bi(s)- bias Bicarbonate Bichromatics bidirectional promoters biennial bifid bilabiate bilateral bilaterally symmetrical Bilateria bile Bilirubin bilobalide bilocular bimodal distribution binary fission bindin binding binding motif binomial expansion binomial theorem bio- bioaccumulation Bioaugmentation biochemical biochemical genetics biochemistry biodegradation biodiversity bioenergetics biofeedback biofilms biogeochemical cycles biogeography Bioinformatics biolistic biological containment biological evolution biological species concept Biologics Biology bioluminescence biomagnification biomarker biomass biomes biopharming biopolymers bioprocessing Biopsy Bioremediation biorhythms biosensor biosphere Biotechnology biotic biotic community biotic succession biotroph biparental zygote bipedalism Bipolar Disorder bipolar neuron biramous birth bisexual bivalent bivalve black hole quenchers bladder blade BLAST blastocoel blastocyst blastoderm blastomere blastopore blastula blending inheritance blocking antibody blood blood chemistry blood grouping blood islands blood pressure blood typing blood volume blood-brain barrier bloom blossom Blotting blunt end blunt end ligation body body axis bog boiling boiling point bolus bond bond energy bone bone density bone marrow bone matrix bone resorption bone scan boom and bust cycle boreal bottle cells bottleneck bottomland Bowman's capsule Boyle's Law braced framework brachialis brachydactyly brachytherapy brackish bract bracteolate bracteole bracts Brain electrical activity mapping brain stem branch branch migration Branched DNA (bDNA) Assay branchial arches branchlet breakage and reunion breakage-fusion-bridge cycle Breakpoint Breed breed true Breeding line breeding objective breeding value bridging cross Brij-35 bristle broad heritability bronchi bronchiole Bronchoconstriction Bronchoscopy Bronsted-Lowry acid brown fat bryophyte bud budding buffer buffer system bulb bulbar region bulbourethral glands bulk element Bulk selection Bulked segregant analysis bundle-sheath cell buoyant density buoyant density of DNA buret burette Burkitt lymphoma Bursa of Fabricius bursae butanol C C-reactive protein c-src C3 plant C4 photosynthesis cachexia CAD calcified calcitonin Calcium calcium ions calcium phosphate calibrate calibration callus calorie calorimeter calyx cAMP campaniform sensilla canalized character cancellous bone cancer cancer-family syndrome Cannabinoids canopy cap capacitation capillary Capillary array capillary gel electrophoresis capillary zone electrophoresis CAPS capsid capsomere carbohydrase carbohydrate carbon dioxide carbon monoxide carbon source carboxyl group Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) carcinogen carcinoma cardiac cardiac arrhythmia cardiac cycle cardiac muscle cell cardiac output cardiologist cardiopulmonary cardiovascular cardiovascular system carnivore carotenoids carotid carotid rete carrier carrying capacity cartilage case-control study Casparian strip caspase cassette mechanism cassette model castration CAT scan cata- catabolic catabolism catabolite activator protein catabolite gene activator protein catabolite repression catalase catalyst Catalytic antibody. catalytic potential catalytic RNA cataract catecholamines categorical trait Catheter cathode cation caudate caudate nucleus causality CCAAT box CCD camera CD cDNA library celecoxib cell cell autonomous Cell biology cell body cell culture cell cycle cell cycle arrest cell development cell differentiation cell division cell fate cell line cell lineage cell membrane cell population cell theory cell wall cell-free system Cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) cellular cellular adhesion molecule Cellular blastoderm cellular immune response Cellular oncogene cellular respiration Celsius centimorgan central dogma central nervous system centric fragment Centricon Centrifugation centrifuge centriole centromere centromere marker centromeric fission centrosome cephalized cerebellum cerebral cortex cerebral lupus cerebrospinal fluid cerebrum cervical cervical vertebrae cervix CGE Chales Darwin (1809-1882) chaotropic chaotropism chaperone character character difference Chargaff's rule charge Charles' Law Charon phage chelator chemical chemical bond chemical change chemical equation chemical equilibrium chemical reaction chemiluminescence chemiosmosis chemistry chemoautotroph chemoheterotroph chemoreception chemoreceptor chemotaxis Chemotherapy chemotroph chi site chi-square distribution chi-square test chiasma chiasmata Chimeraplasty chimeric plasmid chiral compound chitin Chlamydia trachomatis Chloramphenicol chlorenchyma Chloride chloroform chlorophyll A chloroplast chloroplast chromosome Chloroquine cholesterol chondrocyte chordata chordate chorion chorionic somatomammotropin chorionic villus sampling choroid plexus chromatid chromatid conversion chromatid interference chromatin chromatography chromocenter chromomere chromoplast chromosomal chromosomal mutation chromosome chromosome aberration chromosome bridge chromosome jumping chromosome loss chromosome marker chromosome mutation chromosome painting chromosome puff chromosome rearrangement Chromosome region p Chromosome region q chromosome set chromosome stickiness chromosome theory of inheritance chromosome walking chronic chronobiology chronometer CID circadian circadian clock circadian phase circadian rhythms Circular dichroism circular permutation circulation circulatory system circum- Cirrhosis cis cis and trans isomers cis conformation cis dominance cis-dominant cis-trans complementation test cistron citrate Clade cladistics cladogenesis Class classical pathway classifying ClB method clearance cleave Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence Cleft lip climate clinal selection clonal deletion clonal selection theory clone cloning Cloning vector closed population CNS CO co-dominance co-inherited CO2 coactivators cobalt Cocaine coccus coding strand codominance codominant allele codon codon preference codon repeat Coefficient of coancestry coefficient of coincidence Coefficient of parentage coefficient of relationship (r) coefficient of variation coenzyme coenzyme Q10 cofactor Cognition cognitive cohesive end cohort study coimmunoprecipitation cointegrate Coisogenic or congenic col plasmid cold coligative properties colinearity collagen collagenous collateral relatives collision-induced dissociation collisionally activated dissociation colloids Colonoscopy colony Colorectal cancer combinatorial chemistry combined gas law combustion command neurons Commensalism common ancestry community compaction comparative genomic hybridization comparative genomics comparative mapping compartment competence factor Competency competent competitive inhibitor Competitive-binding assay complement complementarity complementary DNA complementary RNA Complementary sequence complementation complementation group complementation test Complete blood count complete linkage complete medium Complex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV component of fitness composite transposon compound Compound heterozygote compound microscope computed tomography computerized Axial Tomography scan computerized tomography con- concanavalin A Concatemer concentration Concentration ratio concordance condensation condensed formula condition conditional mutation conditional-lethal mutation confidence limits Congenital conjugate conjugate acid-base pair conjugate redox pair conjugation consanguineous consensus sequence conservative replication conserved sequence constant region constitutive constitutive heterochromatin constitutive mutation Constitutive promoter consumer Contig Contig map Contiguous (contig) map Contiguous gene syndrome continuous replication continuous variation contra- contractile ring control controlling element convergence convergent evolution convergent extension Conversion cool coomassie blue Coomassie staining Cooperativity coordinate covalent bond Coordination copper fist copy number copy-choice hypothesis copy-choice model corepressor correction correlation correlation coefficient correlative study corrosion cortex cortical bone cortical granules/vesicles cortical neurons corticosteroids cortisol cortisone cosegregation cosmid cot value cotransduction cotransformation coupled reaction coupling coupling conformation covalent covalent bond covariance Cowper's gland COX-1 COX-2 COX-2 inhibitors cpDNA CpG island Cre-loxP system creatine Creatine kinase Creatinine CREB-binding protein Creutzfeld-Jakob disease cri-du-chat syndrome crisscross inheritance CRO cross Cross-pollination cross-reactivity crossbreed crossing over crossover suppression CRP cruciform configuration cryptic coloration CT scan ctenophore Cullin culture current cyclic adenosine monophosphate cyclic AMP cyclic AMP receptor protein cyclin cyclooxygenase cyst Cysteine cystic fibrosis cystitis cyte- cytidine cytochrome cytochrome C cytogenesis cytogenetics cytohet cytokinesis cytological Cytology cytoplasm cytoplasmic cytoplasmic inheritance cytosine cytoskeleton cytosol cytotoxic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc) cytotrophoblast CZE d-loop Dalton daltons law of partial pressures dark adaptation Darwinian fitness data dauerblastula dauermodification daughter cells daughter DNA daughter molecules de- deamination Death phase deca- deciduous decomposer decussation dedicated circuit deficiency deforestation degenerate code degenerative disease degradation degree degrees of freedom Deionized Water delamination deletion deletion chromosome deme dementia Demyelination denaturation denaturation map denatured Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) dendrites Denhardt's solution denominator element density density-gradient centrifugation dentate nucleus Dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) Denticle pattern deoxynucleotide deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate Deoxyribose depauperate fauna dependent variable Depolarisation depolarization depurination derepressed desert desmosome determinant determination deterministic detritivore detritus detrivore deuterostomes development deviation di- dia- Diabetes Insipidous Diabetes Mellitus diagnose diakinesis dialysis diaphragm dicentric chromosome Dichogamy dictionary dictyotene dideoxy method dideoxynucleotides dielectric constant dietary calorie differential RNA synthesis differentiation diffraction diffusion Digest Digoxin dihybrid dihybrid cross dilution dimerization dimorphism dioecious plant diplo- diploid diplonema Diplopia dipole dipole-dipole interaction diprotic acid direct fitness Direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA) directed mutagenesis Directional cloning directional selection Disability disassortative mating discoidal cleavage discontinuous replication discontinuous variation discordance discrete generations disease dispersive replication disruptive selection dissociation dissociation constant dissolve distribution function disturbance dithiothreitol diuretic diurnal rhythm diurnal rhythms DL DNA DNA chip DNA clone DNA fingerprint DNA glycosylase DNA gyrase DNA ladder DNA ligase DNA marker DNA Methylation DNA polymerase DNA polymorphism DNA probe DNA profile DNA replication DNA sequencing DNA Synthesizer DNA-DNA hybridization DNA-RNA hybridization dnase (deoxyribonuclease) dNTPs docking protein dolicho- domain dominance variance dominant dominant allele dominant negative dominant phenotype dominant trait dopamine Dormancy dorsal root ganglion Dorsal-Ventral Patterning Genes dosage compensation Dose-Response Relationship dot blotting double bond double crossover double digest double helix double infection double reduction Down syndrome downstream Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster drug product DTT Duchenne muscular dystrophy duplicate gene duplication dur- dyad dynamic equilibrium dynein dys- dysmorphology dysplastic E E (exit site) E-beam EC nomenclature for enzymes ec- EC50 eccentric ECD ecdysone echinoderm echocardiogram Echocardiography echolocation ecological succession Ecology Ecosystem ecotype ecto- ectoderm ectopic ectopic expression ectopic integration ED50 edema edetate EDTA EF-Hand effector Effector cell efferent Efficacy effluent effusion EGb 761 EGTA eicosanoids ejaculate Ejaculation elbow electrically charged Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) Electrochemical gradient electrochemistry electrode potential electroencephalogram (EEG) electrolyte electromyogram (EMG) electron electron acceptor electron affinity electron beam electron capture dissociation electron carrier electron donor Electron microscope electron microscopy electron pair geometry electron transfer Electron transfer protein electron transport chain Electron-nuclear double resonance electronegativity Electronic fetal monitoring electrophoresis Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay electroporation element ELISA elongation factors em- Embryo embryo sac Embryo transfer embryoblast embryology embryonic embryonic polarity Embryonic stem (ES) cells emphysema EMS EMSA emulsion en- Encapsidation end point endergonic reaction endo- endocrine endocrine glands endocrine system Endocrinology endocytosis endoderm endodermis endogenote Endogenous endomitosis endonuclease Endophyte endoplasmic reticulum endopolyploidy ENDOR endosperm endosteal surface endostyle endothelial Endothelium endothermic reaction energy enforced outbreeding enhancer enhancer trap ent- entatic state enterobactin enthalpy (H) enthalpy change (DH) Entrez entropy ENU enucleate cell environment Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) environmental variance enzyme enzyme immobilization Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay eosinophil ephyrae epi- epiboly epidemiologist epidemiology epididymis epigenesis epigenetic epigenetic inheritance epiglottis epinephrine episome epistasis epistatic epistatic gene epithelial epithelium epitope equational division equilibrium equilibrium constant (Keq) equivalence group equivalence point equivalent weight ER Erlenmeyer flask erythrocyte erythron erythropoiesis erythropoietin Escherichia coli essential essential nutrient EST estrogen Ethanol ethics ethidium ethology ethyl nitrosourea Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid etiolation etiology etioplast eu- euchromatin eugenics eukaryote eukaryotic eukaryotic cell euploid euploidy evolution evolutionary rate ex vivo excessive heat excipient excision repair excitation excitatory Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) excitotoxins exconjugant excretion exergonic reaction exo- exocrine Exocytosis exogenote exogenous Exogenous DNA exon exon shuffling exonuclease exothermic reaction experimental design exploitation competition Express expressed sequence tag (EST) expression vector expressivity extension temperature extension time extensor Extinction extra- extracellular fluid extracellular matrix extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) F protein F'(prime) factor F+(plus) cell F-(minus) cell F-actin F-box f-pili F1 generation F2 generation facilitation factorial facultative heterochromatin Fahrenheit false-negative false-positive familial trait family selection Fanconi's anemia FASTA format Fasting Glucose Test fate map fatigue fatty acid feasibility study fecundity selection feedback inhibition feeder cells culture femur Fenton reaction fermentation ferritin ferromagnetic fertility factor (F factor) fetus Fibrillation fibrin fibrinogen fibroadenoma fibrosis Filial generation filter enrichment filtrate fingerprint first division segregation (FDS) first law of thermodynamics fission fitness (W) fixative fixed fixed allele fixed breakage point flanking marker Flanking region flask flavin Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Flavin-mononucleotide (FMN) flavins flavonoids flexor floral initiation Flow cytometry flower fluctuation test fluid mosaic model Fluorescein fluorescence Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) fluorescence microscopy Fluoroscopy fluorouracil focus map Fokker-Planck equation folate coenzymes Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food chain food web footprinting Forbes disease force forebrain Forensics formaldehyde formula unit formula weight formylmethionine (fmet) forward genetics forward mutation fosmid founder cells founder effect Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry Fourier transform mass spectrometry fovea fragile site fragile-X syndrome fragmentation frameshift frameshift mutation Fraternal twin free energy free radical free-energy change (DG) freeze-fracture technique freezing frequency frequency histogram frequency-dependent fitness frequency-dependent selection frequency-independent selection frequency-interdependent fitness frontal cortex frontal lobes frugivore fruiting body FTICR-MS FTICRMS FTMS functional alleles Functional genomics functional group fundamental number fungi Fungicide fungus furanose Fusion gene fusogenic vesicle G G-actin g-banding GABA gain-of-function dominant Game theory gamete gametic selection gametophyte Gamma-aminobutyric acid ganglia ganglion gap junction gas chromatography gas exchange gastric acid gastrointestinal gastrulation gated ion channel Gay-Lussac's Law GC GC-rich area gel electrophoresis Gel permeation chromatography gel shift gene gene activation gene amplification Gene chip technology gene cloning gene conversion Gene deserts gene dose gene expression gene family gene flow gene fusion gene gun gene interaction gene library Gene linkage gene locus gene map Gene mapping Gene modification gene mutation gene pair gene pool gene product gene regulation gene splicing gene therapy gene transfer Gene translocation gene variant gene-trapping generalized seizure generalized tonic-clonic generalized transduction generic drug genetic Genetic assimilation genetic code Genetic disease genetic disorder genetic dissection Genetic drift genetic engineering genetic fine structure Genetic linkage map genetic load genetic map genetic marker Genetic mosaic genetic polymorphism genetic predisposition genetic program genetic screening genetic trait genetic variance Genetically engineered organism genetically modified organism geneticist genetics genic balance theory genome genomic DNA genomic island genomic library genophore genotype Genus GEO geographic isolation geotactic behavior Germ cell germ layers Germ line germ-line theory germarium germinal mutation germination germline germplasm Gertmann-Straussler-Scheinker giant neuron Gibbs free energy Giemsa stain Ginkgo biloba ginkgolide gizzard Glaucoma test Gli proteins glia glial cells gliosis globus pallidus glomerulus Glucagon glucocorticoids glucose Glucose Test glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase glutamate Glutamic acid glutaminase Glutamine glutaraldehyde glycerin Glycine glycocalyx glycoform glycogen glycolysis glycoprotein glycoprotein hormone glycosylated glycosylation glyoxylate cycle GMO gnotobiosis Goiter gold drugs golgi apparatus gonidia Gonorrhea goosecoid GPC GPC-HPLC gradient Grahm's Law gram molecular weight gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria granular/granule cell grassland Grave's Disease gray crescent gray matter Green revolution ground state group group 1 intron group II intron group selection Growth factor growth medium Growth phase (curve) guanine guanosine guanylyl cyclase guide RNA (gRNA) GxP gymnosperm gynandromorph Gynogenesis h-dna H-Y antigen habitability habitat habituation haemoglobin (hb) haemophilia hair cells hairpin hairpin-mediated polymerase slippage model half-chromatid conversion half-life hallucinosis halogen haloperoxidase halophile halophilic halotolerant hamstring haplo- haplodiploidy haploid haploidization haplotype hapten haptic hapto- haptoglobin Harada-Mori culture hard acid hard base Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium harlequin chromosome HAT medium HCl HD allele head mesenchyme healthy heart rate heat heat of fusion heat of reaction heat of vaporization heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) heat shock protein heat shock response helicase heliopause helix-turn-helix (HLH) protein helix-turn-helix motif Helminth hematocrit hematology hematopoiesis heme hemerythrin hemisphere hemizygous hemizygous gene hemochromatosis hemocyanin hemoglobin Hemolysis Hemophilia hemorrhage Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Hensen's node heparin hepat hepatic Hepatitis Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) hept- Herbicide herbivore hereditary heredity heritability heritability in the narrow sense hermaphrodite herpesvirus hetero-multimeric enzyme heterochromatin heterochrony heteroduplex heteroduplex analysis heteroduplex DNA heteroduplex DNA model heteroduplex mapping heterogametic sex heterogamy heterogeneous nuclear RNA heterogenous matter heterokaryon heterokaryon test heteromorphic chromosomes heteroplasmon heteroplasmy heterosis heterothallic heterotroph heterozygosity heterozygote heterozygote advantage heterozygous gene pair hex- hexadentate ligand hexaploid hexokinase HGT High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) High frequency of recombination HILIC hindbrain hinge point hippocampus Histidine histocompatibility antigen histocompatibility gene histogram histological histology histone histone acetyltransferases histone deacetylase (HDAC) hnRNA holandric trait holoblastic cleavage holoenzyme home range homeo-box homeo-domain homeodomain homeologous chromosomes homeosis homeostasis homeostatic homeothermal homeotic mutations (genes) homing homo- Homocysteine homogametic sex homogeneity homogeneous homogenous matter homolog homologous homologous chromosomes homologous recombination Homology homology modelling homomorphic chromosomes homoplasmy homoplasy homothallic homotrimer homozygote homozygous gene pair horizontal gene transfer hormone hormone response element (HRE) Horseradish Peroxidase Host host range hot spot HPLC Hsp 90 Human artificial chromosome (HAC) Human Genome Initiative Human Genome Project (HGP) Human growth hormone (HGH) humectant humerus humidity humoral humoral immunity huntingtin-associated protein-1 (HAP-1) Huntington's disease hyalin hyaluronidase hybrid hybrid DNA hybrid dysgenesis hybrid plasmid hybrid vigor hybridization in situ Hybridization Protection Assay (HPA) hybridize hybridoma hydration shell hydrocarbon hydrogen hydrogen bond hydrogen bonding hydrogen chloride hydrogen peroxide hydrogenase hydrogenate hydrolase hydrology hydrolysis hydrolyze hydron hydronium ion hydrophilic hydrophilic interaction chromatography Hydrophobic hydrophobic effect hydrophobic interaction hydrostatic hydroxyapatite hydroxyl radical hygiene hyper- hyperglycemia hypermorph hyperoxia hyperplasia hyperploid Hyperpolarisation hyperpolarization hypertension Hyperthyroidism hypertonic solution hypertrophy hypervariable locus hypervariable region hyperventilation hypha (plural hyphae) hypo- hypodermic syringe Hypoglycemia hypomorph hypoploid hypostatic gene hypotension Hypothalamus hypothesis Hypothyroidism hypotonic solution hypoventilation Hypovolemia hypsometry Ibuprofen IC50 ICH ideal gas law Identical twin identity by descent idiogram idiopathic idiotypic variation idling reaction illegitimate recombination im- imago immune system immunity Immunochemical Immunoelectrophoresis Immunofluorescence immunoglobulin (Ig) immunoglobulin gene immunogold immunohistochemistry Immunology immunoreactive Immunosorbence immunotoxin impaction implantation implicit memory Impotence imprinting in silico analysis in situ in situ hybridization in vitro in vitro mutagenesis in vitro replication in vitro transcription in vivo inbreeding inbreeding coefficient inbreeding depression incestuous inclusive fitness incomplete dominance Incontinence Incubate incubator indels independent assortment independent variable indicator inducer inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) inducible operon induction inductive interaction industrial melanism inert inertia infarction infectious transfer infective range inferior olive inflammation inflammatory bowel disease inflammatory mediators influent infra- infrared ingestion ingression inherited inhibiting gene inhibition Inhibitor inhibitor constant Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) initiation codon initiation complex initiation factors (IF1, IF2, IF3) initiator protein innate innate behavior inner ear inorganic inorganic chemistry inosine Inositol lipid insect cells insert insertion mutagenesis insertion sequence (IS) insertional translocation inside marker Insulin intact Integral Membrane Protein integral proteins inter- Interaction experiments intercalary heterochromatin intercalate intercalating agent interchromosomal recombination intercross interference interference competition interferon intergenic Intergenic regions intergenic suppression interkinesis interleukin interleukin-1 (IL-1) intermediate precision Internal Control International Conference on Harmonisation interneuron interphase interrupted mating intersex interstitial interstitial region intertidal intervertebral intervertebral disc intervertebral disc space intra-allelic complementation intracellular intracellular fluid intrachromosomal recombination intragenic marker intragenic suppression intraocular pressure intraperitoneal intrapleural intravascular intravenous intravenous (IV) pump intro- Introgression intron (intervening sequence) invaded invagination invasive Invasiveness inversion invertebrate inverted repeat (IR) sequence Investigation Use Only (IUO) involution Iodine Iodine 131 iojap Ion ion channels Ion-channel-linked receptors ionic bond ionic compound ionization energy ionizing radiation ionophore Iron (Fe) irritant ischemia ischemic iso- isoaccepting tRNA isochromosome isoenzymes isoform isogamous isogenic isogenic line isokinetic isokinetic dynamometer isolation Isoleucine isomerase isomers isometric isometric growth isoproterenol isoschizomer isothermal isothermal reaction isotonic isotonic solution isotope isotopic Isotopic assay techniques isotropy isotypes isozyme iteroparity James D. Watson Joining (J) segment joule junctional diversity Junk DNA juxta- K K antigen K selection Kanamycin kappa particle Karl Fischer instrument karyocyte karyoevolution karyogamy karyokinesis karyology karyolysis karyomegaly Karyon karyoplast karyosome karyotype Kelvin keratin keratinocyte Ketoacidosis KF kidney kidney stone kidneys Kilobase (kb) kin selection kinase kinetic energy kinetic molecular theory (KMT) kinetochore kingdom Kjeldahl apparatus Klinefelter syndrome knock down knock out krebs cycle Kuru labeled labile lability labium laboratory Laboratory Information Management System labyrinth lac operon Lactate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) lacteus lactic acid lactoferrin lactose lactulose lacZ Lag phase lagging strand lambda phage lamella lampbrush chromosomes lanugo large intestine Lariat structure larvae laser Last Universal Common Ancestor lateral lateral inhibition lateral transmission lateralis law law of conservation of mass law of definite proportions law of mass action law of multiple proportions law of partial pressures lawn LCS LD50 Le Chatlier's principle leader peptide gene leader sequence leader transcript leading strand leaky mutant lean body mass Lectin LED Legume lentivirus lepidotrichia leptonema (leptotene stage) lesion lethal gene lethal-equivalent alleles lethargy Leucine leucine zipper leucocytes leucoplasts leukemia leukocyte leukopenia leukotriene leupeptin level of significance Lewis acid Lewis adduct Lewis dot structure Library lichen life life cycle life science Ligand ligand potency ligand-receptor interaction ligase Ligase chain reaction (LCR) Ligate light scattering limbic system Limit of detection limit of quantitation limiting reagent limnology LIMS LINE Lineage linear tetrad linearity linkage linkage analysis linkage disequilibrium linkage equilibrium linkage group linkage map linked gene Linker linking number linoleic acid Lipase lipid lipid peroxidation lipocortin lipopeptide Liposomes lipoxygenase liquid Liquid color spectrophotometer liter lithosphere litter liver locus (plural loci) locus ceruleus LOD lod score method Logarithmic phase long terminal repeats longitudinal study Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) LTR LUCA luciferinase lumbar vertebrae lyase Lymph nodes lymphedema lymphocyte lymphocyte proliferation lymphoma lymphopenia Lyon hypothesis lyophilyzed lysate Lysine lysis lysogenic lysogenic bacterium (lysogen) lysogenic cycle lysogenic phage Lysosome Lytic m/q m/z macro- macroarray macromeres macromolecule macrophage Macrorestriction map macula Magnesium (Mg) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) malaise Malignant malonate Mammogram mandible mantle manual titration Manx MAO-B inhibitor MAP kinases map unit MAPK mapping mapping function Marfan's syndrome margin marginal zone marker marker retention mass mass number Mass spectrometry mass to charge ratio mass-action ratio mass/charge ratio mate-killer material maternal effect maternal effect lethal maternal inheritance maternal twin mating type matrix matroclinous inheritance matter maxilla May-Thurner Syndrome mean mean fitness of the population W(bar) measurement medi- medial hinge point cells median median eminence medium medulla medulla oblongata mega- Megabase (Mb) megalo- meiocyte meiosis meiospore melatonin melting melting of DNA melting point membrane membrane attack complex (MAC) Membrane Potential Mendel's first law Mendel's second law Mendelian inheritance Mendelian ratio meniscus meroblastic cleavage merogones merozygote mesenchyme meso- mesomere messenger cascade messenger RNA meta- metabolic metabolic gas metabolic labelling metabolic system metabolite metacentric chromosome metafemale metagenomic metagenomics metal metallic bond Metallothionein metaloid metamale metamere metamorphosis metaphase metaphase plate metaphysis metaplasia metastasis methane Methionine method development methylation methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase metrology MHC II micelle micro RNA micro- Microarray Microbe microbial microbial ecology Microbiology microbiota microcarpa microecology microflora microglia Microinjection micromeres Micronuclei microorganism Microplate microsatellites microtubules microvasculature microwave midbrain midparent value migration mimicry minimal medium miRNA mismatch repair mismatch repair enzyme missense mutation mitochondria mitochondrial creatine kinase (mtCK) Mitochondrial DNA mitochondrion mitogen mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mitosis mitotic crossover mitotic spindle apparatus mixed codon family mixture mock-infected mode modeling modifier gene molar mass molar ratio molar solution molarity mole mole ratio molecular molecular beacon Molecular biology molecular chaperone molecular evolutionary clock molecular formula molecular genetics molecular geometry molecular imprinting molecular marker molecular weight molecule mono- monoamine oxidase (MAO) monocistronic mRNA monoclonal antibody Monoculture monocyte monodisperse monoecious plant Monogenic trait monohybrid monohybrid cross monomer mononuclear monoploid monoprotic acid monosomic Monosomy monsoonal Morbid map morphogenesis Morpholinos morphological species concept morula mosaic mosaicism motor cortex motor neuron MPF - maturation/mitosis promoting factor mRNA MS/MS MTHFR Mullerian mimicry Multi-locus probe multihybrid multimeric structure multinomial expansion multiple allelism Multiple sclerosis (MS) multiple-factor hypothesis multiple-hit hypothesis Multiplex Amplification multiplicity of infection (moi) Murine muscle fibers muscular dystrophy musculoskeletal mutability mutagen mutagenesis Mutagenicity mutant mutant allele mutant screening mutant site mutation mutation breeding mutation event mutation frequency mutation rate mutational dissection mutational load mutator mutation muton mycelium mycolic acid Mycoplasma Mycorrhizae myeloma Myocardium myoclonic seizure myoclonus myocyte myofibril myogenesis myoglobin myosin myotonia myotonometer myxamoeba N segment N-end rule N-methyl-D-aspartate NADP+ NADPH NaOH National Institutions of Health (NIH) National Science Foundation native natural selection near infrared spectroscopy near IR nearest-neighbour analysis necrotroph neddylation negative assortative mating negative control negative interference neo- neo-darwinism neocortex neomorph neoplasia neoplasm Neoteny nephron Nephropathy nerve cell nerve cell body nerve impulse nervous system neural connections neural tube Neural tube defect Neuregulin Neuroanatomy neuroblast neuroepithelial neurofibromatosis neurogenesis neuroglia Neuroid neurologist neuron Neuropathy neuroplasticity Neurospora Neurotransmitter neurula neurulation neutral gene hypothesis neutral mutation neutral petite neutralization neutron NF-kappa B (NF-KB) NHMec niche Nick translation nickase nicked circle nicked plasmid nicking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form NIR Nitric oxide (NO) nitrocellulose filter nitrogen base nitrogen fixation nitrogenase complex NMDA NMDA receptor noble gas nocturnal node Nodule Nolvadex non- non-coding region non-disjunction non-histone protein non-isotopic assay non-linear tetrad non-Mendelian ratio non-parental non-parental ditype (NPD) non-recombinant nonconformity nonmetal nonpolar covalent bond nonpolar molecule nonsense codon nonsense mutation nonsense suppressor Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) norm of reaction normal distribution normality Northern blot notochord NSF nuclear nuclear envelope Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) nuclear membrane nuclear pore complexes Nuclear transfer nuclear transplantation nuclease nuclease hypersensitive site nuclei Nucleic acid Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay nucleic acid hybridization Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification (NASBA) Nucleic Acid Testing Amplification Technologies Nuclein nucleoid nucleolar organizer nucleolus nucleoplasm nucleoprotein Nucleoside analog nucleosome nucleotide nucleotide pair nucleotide-pair substitution nucleus null null allele null gene null hypothesis nullisomic numerator element nurse cell Nutriceuticals nutrient nutrient cycling nutritional-requirement mutant ob- obex objective evidence Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Occipital Lobe Occlusion Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ochre codon octa- octad octet rule offspring Okazaki fragment Olfactory Trigone oligo- oligodendroglia Oligonucleotide oligosaccharide Olive omega-3 fatty acid omega-6 fatty acid omnivore oncogene Oncogenesis Oncologist one gene one protein one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis oocyte oogamy oogenesis oogonia opal codon Open pollination open reading frame operator operculum operon Opiates optic chiasm optic nerve Optimization orbital Orchiectomy order of operation ORF organelle organic organic chemistry organism organogenesis ori site origin of replication Orphan Drug orphan gene orthologous genes orthologues osmolality osmolarity osmole osmolytes osmoregulation osmosis osmotic osmotic pressure osteblasts osteoclasts osteocytes osteolysis osteolytic Osteoporosis outbreeding outside markers ovalbumin Ovaries ovary overdominance Overlapping reading frames overventilation ovum (egg) oxazolidinones oxidation Oxidation State oxidation-reduction reaction oxidative phosphorylation oxidative stress oxidizing agent P P element P1 P1-derived artificial chromosome P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) P53 PAC pachynema Paleontology palindrome Palindromic sequence pAMP Pan balance Panel testing panmictic papilla papillate paracentric inversion paralogous genes paramecin parameters parapatric speciation Parasegment border parasexual cycle parasite Parasitism Parasitology parasympathetic nervous system paratope parent generation parental ditype (PD) parenteral parietal lobes parthenogenesis partial digest particle particulate inheritance parts per billion (ppb) Parts per million (ppm) Pascal's triangle passive diffusion passive transport paternally path diagram pathogen pathogenesis pathogenic pathogenicity pathology pathovar patient patroclinous inheritance pattern formation pBR 322 pBR322 PCR PCR amplicons pedigree pelagic pellet Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) penetrance pent- peptide peptide bond peptidyl site peptidyl transferase per- percent coefficient of variation percent concentration percent error percent yield peri- peri-natal pericentric inversion pericentromere perinatal period periodic law peripheral membrane protein peripheral nervous system (PNS) peripheral neurons peripheral neuropathy periphyton permissive condition permissive temperature peroxidase Persistence Pest sequence Pesticide petite petite mutation petrifaction pH pH scale phagocytes phagocytosis pharmacotyping pharyngeal arches pharynx phasmid Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) phenocopy phenotype phenotypic sex determination phenotypic variance Phenylalanine phenylketonuria (pku) pheromone Philadelphia chromosome phloem Phosphatase Phosphate group phosphodiester bond phosphodiesterase Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) phospholipids Phosphorus (P) phosphorylate Phosphorylation photic zone photoautotroph photoheterotroph photon photoreactivation Photorespiration phragmospore phyletic gradualism phylloplane phylogenetic tree physical change physical chemistry Physical map phytoplankton phytoplasma phytotoxic phytotoxin piebald pilus (plural pili) Pipettes Pituitary pK pKa placebo placenta planet plankton plant plant breeding plaque plasma Plasma membrane plasmalemma plasmid plasmid suicide vector plasmogamy plasmolysis plastid plate platelet platelet-activating factor (PAF) Pleiotrophy pleiotropic mutation pleiotropy pleo- plerome plesionecrosis plexus ploidy Pluripotency PMA poikilothermal point mutation Poisson distribution poky mutation polar polar body polar covalent bond polar effect polar gene conversion polar granules polar molecule polar mutation polarity polarity gene Pole cells Pollen grain pollinator Poly(A) polymerase poly- poly-A tail poly-dA/poly-dT technique polyacrylamide Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polyadenosine tail polyatomic polycistronic polycistronic mRNA Polyclonal antibodies polydactyly polyethylene polygene polygenic Polygenic disorder polygenic inheritance polyinvagination islands Polylinker Polymer polymerase (DNA or RNA) polymerase chain reaction polymerase slippage polymerase slippage model polymerize polymodal polymorphism polynucleate Polynucleotide polynucleotide phosphorylase polynucleotide polymerase polyolefin polypeptide polyphenism polyphyletic polyploid polysaccharide polysome polyspermy polytene chromosome Polyvalent vaccine pons population population density Population genetics position effect position-effect variegation Positional cloning Positional information positive assortative mating positive control positive interference post- post-transcriptional modification posterior neuropore postmortem postreplicative repair Postsynaptic Membrane potential energy potentiometric titration pre- pre-mRNA pre-symptomatic pre-synaptic terminal precipitate precision precocious predation predator preemptor stem preformationism Premarket Approval prey Pribnow box Primary cell primary consumer primary oocyte primary spermatocyte primary structure primary transcript primase primer primitive folds primitive streak primosome prion prion rods pro-inflammatory cytokines probability probability theory probe Probe Amplification processivity producer product product of meiosis product rule proflavin progeny testing prokaryote prokaryotic cell prolepsis proliferate Proline promoter Pronucleus proofread prophage prophase proplastid propositus prosencephalon prostaglandins prostate gland protamine protease proteasome protein protein aggregate protein synthesis Proteolytic Proteome Proteomics proto-oncogene protocorm proton proton acceptor proton donor proton gradient protoplast protostomes prototroph provirus prox- proximal PrP pseudo- pseudoallele pseudoautosomal gene pseudodominance pseudogene pull down assays pull-down assays pulse-chase experiment pulsed-field gel electrophoresis punctuated equilibrium Punnett square pure pure-breeding line or strain purines Purkinje cells putamen pycnosis pygmism pyknosis pyramidal nerve cells pyriform pyrimidine pyruvate pyruvic acid Q banding q.s. QF-PCR Qualitative qualitative variable quantitative quantitative inheritance quantitative PCR quantitative RT-PCR quantitative trait quantitative trait locus quantitative variable quantitative variation Quantitative-fluorescent polymerase chain reaction quaternary structure quiescent R group R plasmid Radiata Radiation hybrid radical radioactive isotope radiolabeled radiometric age radius RAM mutation random genetic drift random mating random strand analysis range raw data rDNA RdRP re- reactant reaction reaction rate reading frame readthrough reagent real-time PCR real-time PCR probes real-time quantitative PCR real-time RT-PCR realized heritability reannealing receptor receptor element Receptor Potential recessive recessive allele recessive phenotype reciprocal altruism reciprocal cross reciprocal translocation Recognition sequence (site) recombinant Recombinant clone recombinant DNA recombinant DNA technology recombinant frequency recombination recombination nodules recombinational repair recon red nucleus redox pair reducing agent reduction reduction division refraction refractometer Refractory Period regression regression coefficient regulator gene relative centrifugal field relative humidity relative response factor relative standard deviation relaxed circle relaxed mutant release factors (RFI and RF2) remission renal dysfunction Renner complex repeat region repetitive DNA replica plating replication replication fork replicative transposition replicon replisome reporter gene repressible operon repression repressor reproductive isolating mechanism reproductive success repulsion research Research Use Only resolution resolving power respiratory chain Resting Potential restriction digest restriction endonuclease restriction endonuclease Hind III restriction enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism restriction map restriction site restrictive condition restrictive temperature retest retina retinoblastoma retro- retroposon retrotransposon retroviral vector retrovirus reverse genetics reverse transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription reversion Reye's syndrome RF RFC RFLP RFLP mapping rheumatoid arthritis Rhizobia Rhizobium Rhizoids Rhizosphere rho rho-dependent terminator Rho-independent termination site rho-independent terminator rhombencephalon rhombomere ribonucleic acid Ribonucleotide ribose ribosomal RNA ribosome Ribosome-binding site ribozyme Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer rigidity riparian RNA RNA editing RNA in situ hybridization RNA phage RNA polymerase RNA replicase RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Robertsonian fusion rolling-circle replication rough endoplasmic reticulum rough ER Roundup-Ready RP SPE RRF rRNA RT-PCR RTQ-PCR rudimentary organ RUO S S-9 mix s-electron saccade saccule salicylates salinity Salmonella salt sample sampling distribution sampling error Sanger sequencing Sanger's sequencing saprophyte sarcoma sarcomere satellite satellite chromosome satellite DNA Satellite RNA saturated solution saturation mutagenesis savanna scaffold scaffold attachment region Scaffold protein scale scanning hypothesis scavenger Schiff bases science scientific method scion scoria Scrapie screening technique SDS second division segregation second law of thermodynamics Second Messenger second-site mutation Secondary Consumer secondary oocyte secondary sexual character secondary spermatocyte secondary structure Secreted peptide factor sector sedimentation Segment polarity genes segmentation segregating population segregation segregation distortion segregation, rule of segregational load segregational petite seizure Selectable marker selection selection coefficient (s) selection differential selection progress selection-mutation equilibrium selective medium selective mutation selective neutrality selective sweep selective system self self-assembly self-complementary self-fertilization self-incompatibility self-pollination selfed selfish DNA semelparity semen semi- semicircular canals semiconductor semiconservative replication seminal fluid seminal vesicles semisterility (half sterility) senescence sense strand Sensory Organs sepal sept- septum Sequence assembly Sequence tagged site (STS) Sequencing Sequencing technology sequestrene Ser serine Serology serotonin serotype serum sessile Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome sex sex chromosome sex determination sex linkage sex linked sex reversal sex switch sex- sex-controlled trait sex-determining region Y (SRY) sex-influenced trait sex-lethal sex-limited trait sex-linked trait sex-ratio phenotype sexduction Sexual reproduction sexual selection Shine-Delgarno hypothesis short interspersed element shotgun technique shuttle vector siblings (sibs) sickle-cell anemia siderophore sigma factor Signal Amplification signal hypothesis signal sequence signal transduction cascade signal transduction pathway silent mutation silent polymorphisms silique Silver Staining SINE single bond single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) single-strand binding protein sinoatrial node sister chromatid sister-chromatid exchange Site-directed mutagenesis site-specific recombination skew small nuclear ribonucleoprotein small nuclear RNA smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth ER SNP snRNA snRNP sociobiology sodium hydroxide solenoid structure soleus solute solution solvation solvent solvolysis soma somatic cell somatic cell fusion Somatic cell gene therapy somatic doubling somatic hypermutation somatic mutation somatic-cell genetics somatic-mutation theory somatoliberan somatosensory cortex somatostatin somite Sonic hedgehog pathway sonicate sorbent soret band SOS box SOS repair SOS response Southern blot space spacer DNA SPC SPE specialized (restricted) transduction speciation species species density specific gravity specific heat specific-locus test spectral karyotype spectroscopic spectroscopy sperm cell spermatid spermatocyte spermatogenesis spermatogonium spermiogenesis spider cell spindle spiral cleavage spirillum spirometry spliceosome splicing spontaneous mutation spore sporophyte src SSD stabilizing selection stable isotopes stacking staggered cuts stamen staminode standard standard deviation standard error of the mean standard free-energy change (DGo) standard reduction potential (DEo') standard temperature and pressure (STP) star activity start codon stasipatric speciation state stationary phase statistic statistical distribution Statistical Process Control (SPC) statolith steady state stellate ganglion stem cell stem-loop structure stereoblastula stereoisomers stereology steroid receptor Sterol-Sensing Domain (SSD) Sticky end stimulus stochastic stoichimetry Stokes' radius stomata stomodeum stop codon strain stringent factor Stringent plasmid stringent response strong acid strong base structural formula structural gene Structure-functionalism struvite sub- subatomic particle Subcloning sublimation submetacentric chromosome substance substantia nigra substrate subtelocentric chromosome Subunit vaccine subvital gene succinate-Q reductase complex sugar sugar-phosphate backbone sum rule super- supercoil supercoiling supercooling supergene superinfection Supernatant supersuppressor suppressive petite suppressor gene suppressor mutation supra- surface tension survival of the fittest suspension sutures Svedberg unit swivelase Symbiosis sympatric speciation symplast symplastic symptoms syn- synapse synapsis Synaptic Terminal synaptonemal complex syncitiotrophoblast Syncytial blastoderm syncytium syndrome syngamy Syngeneic synteny synteny test synthesis synthesize synthetic lethal screening synthetic medium T T Cell Lymphoma T Lymphocyte T Test T-cell receptor t-DNA T3 T4 TA Cloning Tachycardia TACTAAC box Tamofen Tamoxifen tandem duplication Tandem MS Tandem repeat sequences tannin Taq polymerase tare target theory targeted gene knockout targeted mutagenesis TATA box tautomeric shift Taxol taxonomy Tay-Sach's disease TC TD technician teleological telephase teletherapy telocentric chromosome telolecithal telomerase telomere telophase temperate temperate phage temperature temperature-sensitive mutant temperature-sensitive mutation template Temporary Infertility Tendon teratogen teratogenic terminal redundancy termination codon terminator sequence terrestrial tertiary structure test test cross test-cross testa testcross tester testes testicles testicular feminization syndrome testing of hypotheses testis-determining factor (TDF) Testosterone tetra- Tetracycline tetrad tetrad analysis tetraparental mouse tetraploid tetratype (T) TFE thalamus thalidomide Theria thermolabile theta structure thigh bone thio- Thoracotomy Thr three-point cross three-point testcross Threonine Thromboembolism thrombosis thrombus Thrush thymidine Thymidine kinase (TK) thymine thymine dimer Thymus thyrocalcitonin Thyroid Thyroid cancer Thyrotropin Releasing Factor Thyroxine Ti plasmid tibialis anterior tibiofibular junction tidal volume tight junction tissue tissue culture titer titrant titration titration curve TMA to contain to deliver tolerance Tonsils topoisomer topoisomerase topoisomerase IV torque total lung capacity totipotency totipotent tra trace element tracer trachea trait trait ontology trait ratio trans trans conformation trans- trans-acting transcription transcription factor Transcription Mediated Amplification (TMA) transcriptional profiling transcriptome transcytosis transducing particle transduction transfection transfer DNA transfer operon (tra) transfer RNA (tRNA) transform Transformant transformation transformer Transforming oncogene transgenic transgenic organism transient diploid transition transition mutation Transition-state intermediate translation translocase (EF-G) translocation transmembrane receptor transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) transmission genetics transmitter transpiration transposable genetic element Transposition transposon transversion transversion mutation tremor tricep trihybrid Trihybrid cross triplet triploid trisomic Trisomy Tristimulus tritium tRNA trophic trophoblast tropical truncate truncation selection Try Trypsin trypsinogen Tryptophan TSE tuber tubercle Tuberculosis tubulin Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) tumor-DNA tumour tumour suppressor gene tumour virus tundra turbidity turgor pressure Turner syndrome Turner's syndrome twin spot two hybrid analysis two-point cross two-strand double crossover type I error type II error typological thinking Tyr Tyrosine U ubiquinone ubiquitin ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) ulcer ulna ultra- ultrasound ultraviolet (UV) radiation umbilical underdominance underventilation unequal crossing over unequal crossover unfavorable reaction uni- unicellular uninemic chromosome uniparental inheritance unique DNA unique mutation universal gas law unmixed codon family unsaturated hydrocarbon unsaturated solution unstable mutation untranslated region unusual bases upstream upwelling uracil ureter urethra URF uric acid uridine UTR utricle UV radiation V-J joining v-src vaccine Vaccinia vacuole valence electrons Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory validation Valine Van der Waals dispersion force vapor pressure vaporization variable variable region variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) variable-number-of-tandem-repeats (VNTR) locus variance variant variate variation variegation vascular bundle vasoconstriction vasopressin vasovagal vastus vastus intermedialis vector vectorcardiography vegetal hemisphere vegetal pole venous venous pressure ventilation exchange ventral ventricles verification versene vertebrate vertical transmission vesicle vestibular vestibular apparatus vestigial vestigial organ viability villous viral oncogene virion viroid virulence virulent phage virus visceral visceral arches visual cortex vital capacity vitamin Vitamin D vitelline envelope vitelline membrane viviparous vivisection void volatile Voltage-Gated Channels volume volume calculations Volvocaceans W Wahlund effect watt WD40 motif WD40 repeat weak acid weak base weak electrolyte weak promoter weed weight well Western blot western blotting white blood cell wild type wild-type Wilm's tumour windpipe wobble worm X chromosome X chromosome inactivation X hyperactivation X linkage X- and Y-linkage X-inactivation centre (XIC) X-linked disease X-ray crystallography X-ray diffraction X:A ratio xenobiotic xenogeneic transplant xenograft Xenon xenoplastic transplantation xenotransplant xeroderma pigmentosum Y Y chromosome Y linkage Y linked Y-junction yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) yeast two hybrid Yellowstone National Park yield Yin-Yang probe yolk platelets yolk plug yolk sac Z DNA zephyr zero blank zero standard zinc finger zona pellucida zona reaction zonatus zoo zoologist zoology zoonosis zoonotic zoonotic infection zoonotic potential zooplankton zwitterion zygomorphic zygonema (zygotene stage) zygote zygotene zygotic induction zygotic selection SEARCH : Select Category: Glossary - word Glossary - def Textbooks Protocols 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